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1989 president - Article 72. Article 72 confers upon the President the “ …power to grant pardons, reprieves, respites or r

Nicolae Ceaușescu, (born January 26, 1918, Scornicești, Romani

January 20, 1989: Ronald Reagan: Republican: 1980: George H. W. Bush: 1984: 41: January 20, 1989 – January 20, 1993: George H. W. Bush: Republican: 1988: Dan Quayle: 42: January 20, 1993 – January 20, 2001: Bill Clinton: Democratic: 1992: Al Gore: 1996: 43: January 20, 2001 – January 20, 2009: George W. Bush: Republican: 2000: Dick Cheney ... Mostafa Pourmohammadi, the intelligence official, served as Interior Minister under President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad from 2005 to 2008 and Justice Minister under President Rouhani from 2013 to 2017. Ebrahim Raisi, the deputy prosecutor general, served as prosecutor general of Tehran between 1989 and 1994. He was head of the General Inspection ...MT342A Unscheduled Press Conference Regarding the Panama Situation. 11 May 1989. MT399A Remarks of President George Bush During an Audience with Pope John Paul II. 27 May 1989. MT428A Press Statement Concerning the Events at Tiananmen Square. 05 June 1989. MT442A and MT443A Live Press Conference in the East Room of the White House. Presidency of Ronald Reagan. Ronald Reagan 's tenure as the 40th president of the United States began with his first inauguration on January 20, 1981, and ended on January 20, 1989. Reagan, a Republican from California, took office following a landslide victory over Democratic incumbent President Jimmy Carter in the 1980 presidential election.The Malta Summit was a meeting between US President George H. W. Bush and Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev on December 2–3, 1989, just a few weeks after the fall of the Berlin Wall.It followed a meeting that included Ronald Reagan in New York in December 1988. During the summit, Bush and Gorbachev declared an end to the Cold …Jul 15, 2008 · In December 1989, President George H.W. Bush decided to forcefully remove Manuel Noriega from Panama to stand trial in the United States for drug trafficking and related charges. The intervention was given the name “Operation Just Cause,” a reference to the anticipated success of this exercise in freeing Panamanians from an evil dictator. President: Prof. Taj Muhammad Khan, Principal/CEO, Saidu Medical College, Swat Vice President: (North Region) Prof. Rashid Mehmood, Department of Physiology, Rehman Girls’ Medical College, Peshawar Vice President: (South Region) Prof. Nelofer Sultana, Department of Physiology, BB Govt. Liari Medical College, Karachi General Secretary: …Urban combat in Panama, 1989. On December 20th, 1989, President Bush launched a military operation code-named "Operation Just Cause" to topple the dictatorial government of Manuel Noriega in Panama. The invasion involved about 24,000 US troops who had orders to oust the leader and execute a warrant for his arrest on drug trafficking charges.Turgut Özal ( Turkish pronunciation: [tuɾˈɡut øˈzɑɫ]; 13 October 1927 – 17 April 1993) was a prominent Turkish politician, bureaucrat, engineer and statesman who served as the 8th President of Turkey from 1989 to 1993. He previously served as the 26th Prime Minister of Turkey from 1983 to 1989 as the leader of the Motherland Party.1989 President Motoryacht. This beautifully maintained liveaboard/cruiser offers large open spaces, beautiful teak joinery, and all the comforts of home. The roomy 3 stateroom layout with 3 heads, has ample room for entertaining. Well equipped with Espar diesel heat, bow and stern thrusters, Garmin AIS system, davit and 11' dinghy with Tohatsu ... Mostafa Pourmohammadi, the intelligence official, served as Interior Minister under President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad from 2005 to 2008 and Justice Minister under President Rouhani from 2013 to 2017. Ebrahim Raisi, the deputy prosecutor general, served as prosecutor general of Tehran between 1989 and 1994. He was head of the General Inspection ...Le 10 février 1989, le Conseil supérieur de l'audiovisuel nomme Jean Maheu président-directeur général de Radio France qui prend ses fonctions le 14 février ...Letter to George W. Bush on Advice Regarding "New Friends". August 17, 1988. News Conference by Vice President Bush and Senator Dan Quayle. August 18, 1988. Address Accepting the Presidential Nomination at the Republican National Convention in New Orleans. August 24, 1988. Informal Remarks by the Vice President with a Reporter from the New York ... 1993 →. The inauguration of George H. W. Bush as the 41st president of the United States was held on Friday, January 20, 1989, at the West Front of the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C. This was the 51st inauguration and marked the commencement of the only term of both George H. W. Bush as president and Dan Quayle as vice president.Ronald Reagan (1981-89): Ronald Reagan was a fairly well-known actor before he ran and was elected for the President of the United States of America two terms in a row. Read …1989-nî chhun-hē chi-kau tī chèng-tī hong-pho: ... Li Peng had made nearly identical private statements to US president George H. W. Bush in February 1989. Nevertheless, the statement marked a decisive split between the country's two most senior leaders. Gathering momentum. The hunger strikes galvanized support for the students and aroused …9 nov. 1989 ... ... 1989 lors de sa rencontre à Malte avec le Président G. Bush, il a déjà convenu avec celui-ci des grandes lignes de la réunification future ...1965–1992. Rank. General. Battles/wars. Soviet–Afghan War. Afghan Civil War (1989–1992) Mohammad Najibullah Ahmadzai ( Pashto / Dari: محمد نجیب‌الله احمدزی, Pashto pronunciation: [mʊˈhamad nad͡ʒibʊˈlɑ ahmadˈzai]; 6 August 1947 – 27 September 1996), [7] commonly known as Dr. Najib, was an Afghan politician who ...In 1989, President George H. W. Bush issued a formal apology. America and Russia . In the end, America came together to successfully defeat fascism abroad. The end of the war would send the U.S. into a Cold War due to concessions made to the Russians in exchange for their aid in defeating the Japanese. Communist Russia and the …The president of Argentina (Spanish: Presidente de Argentina), officially known as the president of the Argentine Nation (Spanish: Presidente de la Nación Argentina), is both head of state and head of government of Argentina. Under the national constitution, the president is also the chief executive of the federal government, the embodiment of the …Smith's 11th president, Kathleen McCartney, took office in 2013. McCartney, former dean of the Harvard Graduate School of Education (HGSE), is an ...Oct 18, 2023 · On October 18, 1989, President Gerald R. Ford said that there will be a male president with a female vice president who will become the first woman president because "the president WILL DIE""it won't happen in the normal course of events""that's the way it's gonna happen". January 20, 1989: Ronald Reagan: Republican: 1980: George H. W. Bush: 1984: 41: January 20, 1989 – January 20, 1993: George H. W. Bush: Republican: 1988: Dan Quayle: 42: January 20, 1993 – January 20, 2001: Bill Clinton: Democratic: 1992: Al Gore: 1996: 43: January 20, 2001 – January 20, 2009: George W. Bush: Republican: 2000: Dick Cheney ... In 1989 the newly elected Congress of People’s Deputies elected from its ranks a new U.S.S.R. Supreme Soviet that, in contrast to its predecessor of that name, was a real standing parliament with substantial legislative powers. In May 1989 Gorbachev was elected chairman of this Supreme Soviet and thereby retained the national presidency.The effects of the internal unrest and international condemnation led to dramatic changes beginning in 1989. South African Prime Minister P.W. Botha resigned after it became clear that he had lost the faith of the ruling National Party (NP) for his failure to bring order to the country. His successor, F W de Klerk, in a move that surprised ...The trial of Nicolae and Elena Ceaușescu was held on 25 December 1989 by an Exceptional Military Tribunal, a drumhead court-martial created at the request of a newly formed group called the National Salvation Front.Its outcome was pre-determined, and it resulted in guilty verdicts and death sentences for former Romanian President and Romanian Communist …Oct 7, 2019 · George H. W. Bush is sworn in as the 41st president of the United States, while his wife, Barbara, looks on, in Washington, D.C., on January 20, 1989. Bettmann / Getty Read more Mukherjee said Gandhi explained his position in a meeting between the two at the prime minister's residence on 19 June 1989. In May 2015, Indian president Pranab Mukherjee said the scandal was a "media trial" as "no Indian court has as yet established it as a scandal".A bloody battle played out on the streets of Bucharest in 1989 as Romania's communist dictator fell. ... It was the first hearing in a long-awaited trial that accuses ex-President Ion Iliescu, who ...1972–87: Martial law and the Fourth Republic. President Ferdinand Marcos ruled by decree when he declared martial law on September 21, 1972. He inaugurated the "New Society" after a new constitution was ratified on January 17, 1973. He declared the Fourth Republic on January 17, 1981, after martial law was lifted.Dec 24, 2019 · Twenty-five years ago [Article was written for the 25th anniversary, 5 years ago.] this month, early on the morning of December 20, 1989, President George H.W. Bush launched Operation Just Cause, sending tens of thousands of troops and hundreds of aircraft into Panama to execute a warrant of arrest against its leader, Manuel Noriega, on charges ... 1989 Philippine coup attempt. The most serious attempted coup d'état against the government of Philippine President Corazon Aquino was staged beginning December 1, 1989, by members of the Armed Forces of the Philippines belonging to the Reform the Armed Forces Movement (RAM) and soldiers loyal to former President Ferdinand Marcos.The Constitution (Jammu and Kashmir) (Scheduled Tribes) Order, 1989(C.O.142) dated 7th October, 1989 The Constitution (Puducherry) Scheduled Tribal Order, 2016(C.O.268) dated 22nd December, 2016 ... the President may increase the area of any Scheduled Area in a State after consultation with the Governor of that State; and make fresh orders ...This is a list of the presidents of the Republic of China (ROC) (1912–present). The Republic of China president is called 總統 (Zǒngtǒng, "President"), and from 1912–1928, 大總統 (Dàzǒngtǒng, "Grand President"). Since 1949, the de facto territory of the ROC is reduced to Taiwan and its surrounding islands, the former previously ... George H. W. Bush 's tenure as the 41st president of the United States began with his inauguration on January 20, 1989, and ended on January 20, 1993. Bush was a Republican from Texas and the incumbent vice president for two terms under president Ronald Reagan. Bush took office following a victory over Democrat nominee Michael Dukakis in the ... Ronald Wilson Reagan ( / ˈreɪɡən / RAY-gən; February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) was an American politician and actor who served as the 40th president of the United States from 1981 to 1989.Presidency of Ronald Reagan. Ronald Reagan 's tenure as the 40th president of the United States began with his first inauguration on January 20, 1981, and ended on January 20, 1989. Reagan, a Republican from California, took office following a landslide victory over Democratic incumbent President Jimmy Carter in the 1980 presidential election.The Constitution (Jammu and Kashmir) (Scheduled Tribes) Order, 1989(C.O.142) dated 7th October, 1989 The Constitution (Puducherry) Scheduled Tribal Order, 2016(C.O.268) dated 22nd December, 2016 ... the President may increase the area of any Scheduled Area in a State after consultation with the Governor of that State; and make fresh orders ...Letter to George W. Bush on Advice Regarding "New Friends". August 17, 1988. News Conference by Vice President Bush and Senator Dan Quayle. August 18, 1988. Address Accepting the Presidential Nomination at the Republican National Convention in New Orleans. August 24, 1988. Informal Remarks by the Vice President with a Reporter from the New York ...The Czech Republic is a parliamentary representative democracy, with the president acting as head of state and the prime minister acting as head of government.. The first president of the Czech Republic was Václav Havel.The president is Petr Pavel, he was sworn into office on 9 March 2023.Until 2012, the president was elected by the Chamber of …President Bush accused the Noriega government of instituting a pattern of harassment against US. citizens in Panama. On December 20,1989, President Bush ordered about 12,000 U.S. mili- tary personnel to Panama (augmenting the 13,600 troops already sta- tioned there) in an invasion operation called Just Cause. The operation In 1989, the first elections for president under the new Constitution were held and the young Fernando Collor de Mello was elected for a five-year term, the first president to be elected by direct popular ballot since the military coup. He was inaugurated in 1990 and in 1992 he became the first president in Brazil to be impeached due to corruption.President, the officer in whom the chief executive power of a nation is vested. In some countries the presidential office is charged with great powers, but it is relatively weak and largely ceremonial in Europe and in many countries where the prime minister, or premier, functions as the chief executive officer. ... After the fall of …Following the resignation of 39th vice president Spiro Agnew, Gerald Ford became the 40th vice president even though he was chosen to serve out the remainder of Agnew's second term. Then, after Ford succeeded to the presidency later in that same term, Nelson Rockefeller became the 41st vice president and served out the remainder of the term. Presidency of Ronald Reagan. Ronald Reagan 's tenure as the 40th president of the United States began with his first inauguration on January 20, 1981, and ended on January 20, 1989. Reagan, a Republican from California, took office following a landslide victory over Democratic incumbent President Jimmy Carter in the 1980 presidential election.George H. W. Bush 's tenure as the 41st president of the United States began with his inauguration on January 20, 1989, and ended on January 20, 1993. Bush was a Republican from Texas and the incumbent vice president for two terms under president Ronald Reagan. Bush took office following a victory over Democrat nominee Michael Dukakis in the ... Raúl Alfonsín was the president of Argentina from 1983 to 1989. New beginning[ edit] Inaugural speech of President Raúl Alfonsín (Spanish). Source: Televisión Pública Argentina. Chief among Alfonsín's inherited problems was an economic depression stemming from the 1981-82 financial collapse and its resulting US$43 billion foreign debt ... President is a yacht brand that currently has 23 yachts for sale on YachtWorld, including 5 new vessels and 18 used yachts, listed by experienced boat and yacht brokers mainly in the following countries: United States, United Kingdom, Croatia, Canada and Greece. Models currently listed on YachtWorld vary in size and length from 40 feet to 137 feet.Ferdinand Marcos, in full Ferdinand Edralin Marcos, (born September 11, 1917, Sarrat, Philippines—died September 28, 1989, Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.), Philippine lawyer and politician who, as head of state from 1965 to 1986, established an authoritarian regime in the Philippines that came under criticism for corruption and for its suppression …This President 57 is a great liveaboard with accommodations to sleep eight and abundant storage throughout. The large stand up engine room makes service a breeze. Seller has made many impressive upgrades in the engine room such as custom fabricated aluminum work bench with extendable work tables and shelving for spares, new 1/4" polished diamond plated aluminum decks, VDO Nema compatible ...President George Bush. Rheingoldhalle. Mainz, Federal Republic of Germany, May 31, 1989. Thank you, Chancellor Kohl. At the outset, let me tell you that ...The fall of the Berlin Wall ( German: Mauerfall) on 9 November 1989, during the Peaceful Revolution, was a pivotal event in world history which marked the destruction of the Berlin Wall and the figurative Iron Curtain. It was one of the series of events that started the fall of communism in Central and Eastern Europe, preceded by the Solidarity ...President Bush accused the Noriega government of instituting a pattern of harassment against US. citizens in Panama. On December 20,1989, President Bush ordered about 12,000 U.S. mili- tary personnel to Panama (augmenting the 13,600 troops already sta- tioned there) in an invasion operation called Just Cause. The operation had four …Presidents Gorbachev and Bush sit down for a meal aboard the Soviet ship Maxim Gorky, December 2, 1989.. There was little of substance decided at Malta. The administration wanted to move deliberately, using the meeting, in the words of a briefing memo penned by Secretary of State James Baker III, to generate "a public sense, here and abroad, of a new pace and purpose to the U.S.-Soviet ...Four presidents died in office of natural causes (William Henry Harrison, Zachary Taylor, Warren G. Harding, and Franklin D. Roosevelt), four were assassinated ( Abraham Lincoln, James A. Garfield, William McKinley and John F. Kennedy ), and one resigned ( Richard Nixon, facing impeachment and removal from office). [10]5 November 1989 1 year, 44 days Independent: ... As President, Hrawi signed into law amendments to the Constitution that formalized the Taif Agreement reforms. He saw the end of the Lebanese Civil War. He signed the treaty of fraternity, co-ordination and co-operation with Syria, in which Lebanon promised not to allow its territory to be used against Syria's …It was on 9 November 1989, five days after half a million people gathered in East Berlin in a mass protest, that the Berlin Wall dividing communist East Germany from West Germany crumbled. East...Ronald Reagan was the 40th President of the United States, serving from 1981-1989. He had previously been a prominent actor and then governor of California. He is remembered for restoring American confidence following the disasterous Carter years, strongly improving the economy, bringing about the collapse of the Soviet Union and defeating ...Smith's 11th president, Kathleen McCartney, took office in 2013. McCartney, former dean of the Harvard Graduate School of Education (HGSE), is an ...Vacant from 22 November 1989 until 24 November 1989: 15 Elias Hrawi. إلياس الهراوي (1926–2006) 24 November 1989 24 November 1998 9 years Independent: 1989: Hrawi served as minister of public works and was a member of the independent Maronite Catholic bloc in the Parliament. The shortest is Sergio Osmeña, who spent 1 year and 300 days in office. Two women have held the office: Corazon Aquino (1986–92), who ascended to the presidency upon the successful People Power Revolution of 1986, and Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (2001–10), who, as vice president, ascended to the presidency upon Estrada's resignation and was ... There were two Presidents in the year 1989. The first was Ronald Reagan. He was the 40th President of the United States. He took office on January 20, 1981 and left office on …The 2012 presidential campaign, a fluctuating economy, and the approaching “fiscal cliff” ... 1989–93 42 Bill Clinton: Ark. Democratic: 1993–2001 43 George W. Bush: Conn. …President George H.W. Bush bending to admire a Thanksgiving bird, November 1989. Credit: Diana Walker/Getty ImagesThe shortest is Sergio Osmeña, who spent 1 year and 300 days in office. Two women have held the office: Corazon Aquino (1986–92), who ascended to the presidency upon the successful People Power Revolution of 1986, and Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (2001–10), who, as vice president, ascended to the presidency upon Estrada's resignation and was ...Ronald Reagan (1981-89): Ronald Reagan was a fairly well-known actor before he ran and was elected for the President of the United States of America two terms in a row. Read more about Ronald Reagan. George H.W. Bush (1989-93): George H. W. Bush was the 41st president of the United States and a Republican. During his presidency the Soviet Union ... On Sept. 25, 2023, President Joe Biden's dog Commander bit a Secret Service agent at the White House — the 11th known biting incident involving the 2-year-old purebred German shepherd, CNN reported.1993 →. The inauguration of George H. W. Bush as the 41st president of the United States was held on Friday, January 20, 1989, at the West Front of the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C. This was the 51st inauguration and marked the commencement of the only term of both George H. W. Bush as president and Dan Quayle as vice president. The effects of the internal unrest and international condemnation led to dramatic changes beginning in 1989. South African Prime Minister P.W. Botha resigned after it became clear that he had lost the faith of the ruling National Party (NP) for his failure to bring order to the country. His successor, F W de Klerk, in a move that surprised ...This chronological list contains entries for each president with his corresponding first lady and vice president. ... 1989-1993, George Bush · Barbara Bush · Dan ...The incumbent president is Joe Biden. [6] The presidency of William Henry Harrison, who died 31 days after taking office in 1841, was the shortest in American history. [7] . Franklin D. Roosevelt served the longest, over twelve years, before dying early in his fourth term in 1945. See morev. t. e. The president of South Africa is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of South Africa. The president directs the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the South African National Defence Force. Between 1961 and 1994, the office of head of state was the state presidency .In December 1989, President George H.W. Bush decided to forcefully remove Manuel Noriega from Panama to stand trial in the United States for drug trafficking and related charges. The intervention was given the name "Operation Just Cause," a reference to the anticipated success of this exercise in freeing Panamanians from an evil dictator ...Four presidents died in office of natural causes (William Henry Harrison, Zachary Taylor, Warren G. Harding, and Franklin D. Roosevelt), four were assassinated ( Abraham Lincoln, James A. Garfield, William McKinley and John F. Kennedy ), and one resigned ( Richard Nixon, facing impeachment and removal from office). [10] George H W Bush was the US president from 1989 to 1993. He had previously served as the vice president under Ronald Reagan , and is the first incumbent VP to be elected to the White House since the 8th president, Martin Van Buren .President; Fled Kabul following its fall to the Taliban on 27 September 1996; Continued to serve as president in areas controlled by the Northern Alliance during the 1996–2001 Civil War until being fully reinstated following the recapture of Kabul on 13 November 2001; Between 1996 and 2001, the Islamic State remained the internationally ...The Malta Summit was a meeting between US President George H. W. Bush and Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev on December 2–3, 1989, just a few weeks after the fall of the Berlin Wall.It followed a meeting that included Ronald Reagan in New York in December 1988. During the summit, Bush and Gorbachev declared an end to the Cold …Ronald Reagan (1981-89): Ronald Reagan was a fairly well-known actor before he ran and was elected for the President of the United States of America two terms in a row. Read more about Ronald Reagan. George H.W. Bush (1989-93): George H. W. Bush was the 41st president of the United States and a Republican. During his presidency the Soviet Union ...MLB Commissioner (April 1, 1989–September 1, 1989) Angelo Bartlett Giamatti ( / ˌdʒiːəˈmɑːti / JEE-ə-MAH-tee; April 4, 1938 – September 1, 1989) was an American professor of English Renaissance literature, the president of Yale University, and the seventh Commissioner of Major League Baseball . Giamatti served as Commissioner for ...In a recent post on X, formerly known as Twitter, Cuban shared a 544-word excerpt of proposal he sent in 1989 to a law firm he hoped to land as a client, Dallas …Inaugural Address. January 20, 1989. Mr. Chief Justice, Mr. President, Vice President Quayle, Senator Mitchell, Speaker Wright, Senator Dole, Congressman Michel, and fellow citizens, neighbors, and friends: There is a man here who has earned a lasting place in our hearts and in our history. President Reagan, on behalf of our nation, I thank you ...George H. W. Bush, as the 41st President (1989-1993), brought to the White House a dedication to traditional American values and a determination to direct them toward making the United States...It was on 9 November 1989, five days after half a million people gathered in East Berlin in a mass protest, that the Berlin Wall dividing communist East Germany from West Germany crumbled. East...Find President boats for sale in your area & across the world on YachtWorld. Offering the best selection of President boats to choose from. ... 1989 President Motoryacht. US$199,000* Price Drop: US$16,000 (May 12) Seattle, Washington. 54ft - 1989. Offered By: Elliott Bay Yacht Sales. Contact. 1995 President Aft Cabin Cockpit Motoryacht. US$138,000*(1989–1992) Official names: Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (1989–1990), Czech and Slovak Federative Republic (1990–1992) 9 Václav Havel (1936–2011) Czech: 1989 1990 1992 (failed) 29 December 1989 20 July 1992 2 years, 204 days OFDeng Xiaoping , or Teng Hsiao-p’ing, (born Aug. 22, 1904, Guang’an, Sichuan province, China—died Feb. 19, 1997, Beijing), Chinese communist leader, China’s most important figure from the late 1970s until his death.In the 1950s he became a vice-premier of the People’s Republic of China and general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).Vacant from 22 November 1989 until 24 November 1989: 15 Elias Hrawi. إلياس الهراوي (1926–2006) 24 November 1989 24 November 1998 9 years Independent: 1989: Hrawi served as minister of public works and was a member of the independent Maronite Catholic bloc in the Parliament.1989 Panama--On May 11, 1989, in response to General Noriega’s disregard of the results of the Panamanian election, President Bush ordered a brigade-sized force of approximately 1,900 troops to augment the estimated 11,000 U.S. forces already in the area. U.S. Army troops in the Panama Invasion 1989 This list includes all people who have been sworn as Preside, Smith's 11th president, Kathleen McCartney, took office in 20, Nov 30, 2018 · George H W Bush was the US president from 1989 to 1993. He had previously, 9 November 1989 7 years Independent: Chairman of the National Se, Elected first President of the French Republic in the 1848 election , George Herbert Walker Bush (1924-2018), served as , The Czech Republic is a parliamentary representative democracy, with the president acting as hea, There were two Presidents in the year 1989. The first was Rona, Manuel Antonio Noriega Moreno (/ m ɑː n ˈ w ɛ l ˌ n ɔːr i ˈ eɪ ɡ ə / , September 5, 1989 Democratic Response to Drug Policy Address., 21st anniversary of the Velvet Revolution – former President Vá, Smith's 11th president, Kathleen McCartney, took office in 2013., The Iran-Contra affair was a political scandal that played , Smith's 11th president, Kathleen McCartney, took office , The United States Invasion of Panama, codenamed Operation Just Caus, The United States invasion of Panama, codenamed Operat, There were two Presidents in the year 1989. The fir, Smith's 11th president, Kathleen McCartney, took office.