Generally, the votary`s costume may be regarded as characteristic of feminine fashion in Minoan Crete. ( Photograph from Sir Arthur Evans, "The Palace of Minos".) Snake Goddess and Cup-Bearer. Above Photograph shows the Snake Goddess from Knossos, ca. 2000 B.C. Beside her a Cup-Bearer from a fresco at Knossos ca. 1500 B.C.The costume is similar to those represented elsewhere in Minoan art, but the coiffure is quite new. The German scholars estimate that at least three frescos portraying processions of women adorned the walls of the Tiryns palace. This one seems to have been painted to replace an earlier picture of the same subject.Her hair is black and curly, with one curl springing down onto her forehead and others cascading down her neck and upper back. Her skin is white, which is in imitation of the ancient Egyptian color convention (women painted white, men brown), and her large, darkly outlined eye also reminds us of Egyptian style, but her bright red lips are unique.Jul 13, 2023 · Minoan Snake Goddess. Credit: Syrio/ Wikimedia Commons CC BY-SA 4.0 Other Kind of Minoan Snake Goddesses. Archaeology research also brought to light some later (Post-palace period) terracotta offerings, typified by the Poppy Goddess with raised hands and snakes around them, as well as snaked heads rising from the diadem or headdress. The Minoan and the Mycenaean Greek contribution to "that product of fusion which is the historical Greek religion" , emphasized already in 1927 by Martin Nilsson (in the first edition of his reference work The Minoan-Mycenaean Religion and its Survival in Greek religion) still remains a crucial problem for the scholars.Kelly Macquire, in a podcast for Ancient History Encyclopaedia, says: "Women were prominent in Minoan religion, more than any other civilisation, and we know this because of the snake goddess ...Sir Arthur Evans. . This bull's head rhyton was carved from a single block of black and is 26 cm (about 10 inches) in height, as restored. It is hollow, as a rhyton must be, with the hole at the top behind the bull's horns and the hole at the bottom at its muzzle. The back of the rhyton is flat so that it could be laid down on a surface.with Anatolia and with Egypt. See his The Mystery of Minoan Civilization (New York: World, 1971), pp. 35, 61-62. Marija Gimbutas has most recently argued for symbolic and cultural connections with Europe as well in "Women and Culture in Goddess-Oriented Old Europe," in The Politics of Women's Spirituality, ed. Charlene Spretnak (GardenMinoan women wore skirts that flared out from the waist in a bell shape, with many decorations attached to the cloth. Later designs were made from strips of fabric, sewn in ways that created rows of ruffles from waist to ankle. Women also wore close-fitting blouses that were cut low in the front to expose the breasts.History of saffron. Saffron crocus flowers, represented as small red tufts, are gathered by two women in a fragmentary Minoan fresco from the excavation of Akrotiri on the Aegean island of Santorini. Human cultivation and use of saffron spans more than 3,500 years [1] [2] and extends across cultures, continents, and civilizations.The Minoan civilization flourished on the Mediterranean island of Crete during the height of the Bronze Age (c. 2000-c. 1500 BCE). By virtue of their unique art and architecture, the ancient Minoans made significant contributions to the subsequent development of Western civilization. However, we still know less about the Minoans than the ...Minoan Art. What has survived to our day from Minoan art provides insight into the culture that flourished in Crete during Prehistoric times. The art of the Minoans speak of a society of joyous disposition, in touch with their environment, and in awe of the logical order of the natural world. Above all, the unearthed artifacts reveal a people ...What strikes me about Minoan frescoes, however, is the presentation of girls and women. Not only are they present, but they are often depicted as constructive members of society, free from the male gaze, rather than forlornly clinging to the sides of their mothers. What's more, they are seen as having active roles as opposed to passively ...The women were predominating. Minoan women enjoyed a higher social status than other women in later civilizations. Methods: Investigation of all the existing data concerning the Minoan culture. Archaeological databases, as well as data from the National University of Athens and other Greek historical institutions were collected and analyzed in ... Saffron is as old as time. Cleopatra was said to bathe in saffron-infused mare's milk before seeing a suitor. "Saffron was used to dye the woolen bolero jackets worn by Minoan women; also in ...Bull-leaping fresco (detail) from the east wing of the palace of Knossos (reconstructed), c. 1400 B.C.E., fresco, 78 cm high (Archaeological Museum of Heraklion, photo: Carole Raddato, CC BY-SA 2.0) The person at the center of the action, vaulting over the bull's back, is painted brown, which indicates male gender according to ancient ...Minoan Art. What has survived to our day from Minoan art provides insight into the culture that flourished in Crete during Prehistoric times. The art of the Minoans speak of a society of joyous disposition, in touch with their environment, and in awe of the logical order of the natural world. Above all, the unearthed artifacts reveal a people ...In this mosaic, the women are shown exercising. One woman, for instance, is using hand weights, whilst another woman is throwing a ball to a partner. The sports attire of these women may be described as ‘bikini-like’. The top is a band called a strophium, known also as a fascia, fasciola, taenia or mamillare. This band was likely to have ...The peplos. An ancient garment for women, the peplos was a large rectangle of wool wrapped around the body, sometimes belted, and pinned at the shoulders. Illustration of peplos form Mireille Lee's book Body, Dress, and Identity in Ancient Greece. This was definitely a case of "one size fits all," as any extra material would be folded ...Apr 8, 2021 · Minoan Women. Artworks suggest that the wasp-waist was highly idealised in Minoan culture & body modification may have been implemented to achieve this. Women are heavily represented amongst the archaeological finds from Knossos, Akrotiri, and other Minoan hubs. The frescoes show men, women and children in elaborate costumes. Here we will focus on the Minoan frescoes representing women and their costumes. Two excellent examples are the ‘Female Figure’ (Fig. 1.1) and the ‘Saffron gatherers’ (Fig. 1.2). How far is it plausible to believe that the costumes on the Theran frescoes represent Minoan fashion emphasized the femininity of women and the masculinity of men. In the Minoan mind, femininity was associated with curvaceous figures and …Pasiphae was married to Minos, the son of Zeus and Europa and the stepson of Asterion, the king of Crete. When his stepfather died, Minos ascended the throne and Pasiphae became the queen of the island. In one myth, Minos had prayed to Poseidon in order to gain the throne of Crete. As a sign of his favor, Poseidon sent the king a snow-white ...Minoan Women In Ancient Greek Culture. Decent Essays. 511 Words. 3 Pages. Open Document. Our world has been a male dominated society from the beginning of time. In most cultures, especially in ancient times, women were thought of as secondary to their male counterparts. Women were considered a possession just as a house or piece of property is ...Jun 18, 2018 - Explore Jon Spayde's board "Minoan", followed by 208 people on Pinterest. See more ideas about minoan, minoan art, mycenaean.The Prince of the Lilies, or the Lily Prince or Priest-King Fresco, is a celebrated Minoan painting excavated in pieces from the palace of Knossos, capital of the Bronze Age Minoan civilization on the Greek island of Crete. The mostly reconstructed original is now in the Heraklion Archaeological Museum (AMH), with a replica version at the ...Mar 3, 2021 · Garments for Minoan Women. The Minoan women’s clothing, as it appears from the description in Homer’s Iliad, as well as the frescoes and figurines found in Knossos, consisted at least of the following, woolen or linen, garments. Colorful & Elaborated Skirts. They were just like today. These skirts had pleats, ribbons, trimmings, and fringes. The distorted perception that a woman is “unclean” during her menstrual cycle and thus is banished from temples, ceremonies, and the community at large, traces back to the true sacred ritual of a woman retreating during her moon time not because she was “unclean” but because she was so tapped into otherworldly dimensions and so …In Minoan Crete, women’s clothing was made from a wide variety of materials, such as linen, leather, and wool. They decorated them with bright colors and …Thera. -provided us with the first extensive contextualized picture of Minoan wall painting and its relationships to ceremony and ritual. Akrotiri on Thera (geographic) Akrotiri= southwest corner of volcanic island of Thera, north of Crete. Buildings at Akrotiri on Thera. shrines, houses, and buildings, storage and manufacturing.Clearly, an artifact is any object created by humankind regardless of the "skill" of its creator or the absence of "beauty." "Venus" (or Woman) of Willendorf, c. 24,000-22,000 B.C.E., limestone 11.1 cm high (Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna; photo: Steven Zucker, CC BY-NC-SA 2.0) Artifact, then, is anything created by humankind, and art is a ...Garments for Minoan Women. The Minoan women’s clothing, as it appears from the description in Homer’s Iliad, as well as the frescoes and figurines found in Knossos, consisted at least of the following, woolen or linen, garments. Colorful & Elaborated Skirts. They were just like today. These skirts had pleats, ribbons, trimmings, and fringes.with Anatolia and with Egypt. See his The Mystery of Minoan Civilization (New York: World, 1971), pp. 35, 61-62. Marija Gimbutas has most recently argued for symbolic and cultural connections with Europe as well in "Women and Culture in Goddess-Oriented Old Europe," in The Politics of Women's Spirituality, ed. Charlene Spretnak (GardenMinoan. ca. 1700-1600 BCE On view at The Met Fifth Avenue in Gallery 151. The gesture of the figure is commonly interpreted as one of worship or of veneration. View more. Due to rights restrictions, this image cannot be enlarged, viewed at full screen, or downloaded. Public Domain ...An ornamented golden Minoan double axe, often spuriously called a labrys Bronze Age axe from the tholos tombs of Messara in Crete Coinage of Idrieus of Caria, Obv: Head of Apollo, wearing laurel wreath, drapery at neck; Rev: legend ΙΔΡΙΕΩΣ ("IDRIEOS"), Zeus Labraundos standing with labrys in his right hand, c. 351-350 to 344-343 BCE. Labrys (Greek: λάβρυς, romanized: lábrys ...For example, men wore kilts and loincloths. Women wore short-sleeve dresses with flounced skirts whose bodices were open to the navel, allowing their breasts to be exposed. Fresco depicting three women: This fresco from the complex at Knossos depicts a popular fashion for Minoan women Bull Leaping (aka Toreador) Fresco at KnossosIn this much-awaited book based on her 2004 dissertation, Olsen has done us a great favor by synthesizing the evidence for some 2000 women, for a comprehensive study of the role of women in the Mycenaean world has long been a lacuna in the scholarly literature. Olsen's study falls into eight parts. An introductory chapter sets the stage and ...Tribal Women. Native Style. Tribal Fashion. Hippie Style. $99.99. ... Minoan art - Ceramics and Pottery Arts and Resources. Minoan-ceramic-vessel-437x787. M. Max Lange. Boho Summer Outfits. Boho Style Outfits. Chic Outfits. Fashion Outfits. Boho Chic Skirts. Boho Fashion. Fashion Looks.Jun 18, 2018 - Explore Jon Spayde's board "Minoan", followed by 208 people on Pinterest. See more ideas about minoan, minoan art, mycenaean.Jun 18, 2018 - Explore Jon Spayde's board "Minoan", followed by 208 people on Pinterest. See more ideas about minoan, minoan art, mycenaean.This artistic convention is similar to the depiction of men and women in ancient Egyptian frescoes. In reality, Minoan women likely applied a foundation of toxic white lead or carbonate to lighten their complexion, a practice that was widely used by aristocratic women in late 16th through 18th century Europe (e.g., Queen Elizabeth I of England).Minoan Women's Dress--Description. Women's skirts had a basic bell-shape with at least three different variations in form: smooth, with a series of ruffles, or of uncertain cut. The smooth form was fitted at the waist and flared gently to the ground. The ruffle style consisted of several succeeding layers of ruffles gradually increasing in ...Minoan Women. Women are heavily represented amongst the archaeological finds from Knossos, Akrotiri, and other Minoan hubs. One of the most beautiful examples is the Snake Goddess Figurine which depicts the archetype of Minoan dress. This woman wears a flounced, layered skirt that falls to the ground.Women were routinely depicted bare-breasted in Minoan frescoes from Crete etc. (e.g. The Ladies in Blue), ... Unlike the modern western world, women's clothing in Ancient Egypt tended to be more conservative than that of men. Throughout the Old, Middle and New Kingdom, the most frequently used costume for women was the simple sheath dress. ...Three words come to mind when it comes to Minoan women's attire: elaborate, vibrant, and multilayered. Long skirts with girdles encircling the waist and bare-breasted bodices were a staple. But due to that aforementioned multilayered nature, let's break it down at bit: More Minoan style replicas by Dr. Bernice Jones.The iconic figurine of a woman holding a snake in either hand with a cat sitting on top of her head discovered by Arthur Evans in the "Pillar Shrine" within the Minoan palace of Knossus, Crete is probably one of the most instantly recognized artifacts from the Minoan world. The original faience sculpture is displayed today at the Herakleion ...Dr Iosif Lazaridis, from Harvard Medical School in Massachusetts, and colleagues focussed on burials from the Minoan civilization, which flourished on the island of Crete from 2,600 to 1,100 BC ...Unique Minoan clothing by independent designers from around the world. Shop online for tees, tops, ... Celebrate Black History Month. ... minoan, flowers, girl, woman, lady, topless, breast, civilization. Minoan girl with flowers Classic T-Shirt. By Lookis Palook. From $19.84. Tags: fate, tarot, minoan, goddess, arachne. 10 Fate from The Minoan ...Illustration. The 'Ladies in Blue' fresco is a recreated fresco from the Palace of Knossos on the island of Crete. It shows three women richly dressed and lavishly bejeweled depicted against a blue background. This fresco (or rather, fragments of it) was discovered during the excavation of the site by the British archaeologist Sir Arthur John ...Check out our minoan woman selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our fine art ceramics shops.Poppy goddess. The name poppy goddess is often used for a famous example of a distinctive type of large female terracotta figurine in Minoan art, presumably representing a goddess, but not thought to be cult images, rather votive offerings. It was discovered in a sanctuary of the Post-palace period ( LM III, 1400-1100 BC) at Gazi, Crete, and ...Greek speaking Mycenaeans were on the island of Crete during the second millennium BCE (ca. 1600-. streamlined into Linear B, adapted to the Greek language, both syllabaries being primarily used ...“Parisian” from ancient Crete This image of a young woman with a bright dress and curly hair is among the best known images in Minoan art. It is also one of the few representations of Minoan people rendered in color and detail, and it is a beautiful example of Minoan wall painting. While the Minoan Snake Goddess is one of the most reproduced and familiar images in the art historical canon, her function—and indeed, her very essence—continues to be shaped by the man who coined the term Minoan and discovered the site in which she and her sisters lay for generations undisturbed. When Sir Arthur Evans concluded that these statuettes were evidence of Minoan worship of a ...The history of nudity involves social attitudes to nakedness of the human body in different cultures in history. The use of clothing to cover the body is one of the changes that mark the end of the Neolithic, and the beginning of civilizations. Nudity (or near-complete nudity) has traditionally been the social norm for both men and women in hunter-gatherer cultures in …Another Minoan feature is that public female nudity was not embarrassing, at least in some rituals. The frescos commonly show women exposing their breasts in ...... Minoan woman as the Oriental woman: Mariano Fortuny's Knossos scarves and Ruth St. Denis, Caloi / From Russia with love: Minoan Crete and the Russian Silver ...Just as the Victorians found women’s legs to be terribly sexy simply because they were normally covered and hidden, we respond the same way to women’s breasts. But in Minoan society, women frequently went topless, just as men did, so that would have been an ordinary sight, and of course ancient women nursed their babies, so that would …Bull-Leaping Fresco The Bull-Leaping Fresco is a distinguishable work significant to Minoan culture by its vivid colors and curvilinear shapes that bring a liveliness and vitality to the scenes. The artists of this period are skilled in reproducing natural forms in a vivid and impressionistic manner, and have the ability to fit the painting in a frame of geometric shapes.[1] In this painting ...The women's costumes with breasts exposed have the closest parallels in Minoan art, and this statuette is probably of Cretan manufacture. The intimate and tender theme also is foreign to the known Mycenaean repertory, in which scenes of hunting and warfare dominate.Bull-leaping fresco (detail) from the east wing of the palace of Knossos (reconstructed), c. 1400 B.C.E., fresco, 78 cm high (Archaeological Museum of Heraklion, photo: Carole Raddato, CC BY-SA 2.0) The person at the center of the action, vaulting over the bull’s back, is painted brown, which indicates male gender according to ancient ...What strikes me about Minoan frescoes, however, is the presentation of girls and women. Not only are they present, but they are often depicted as constructive members of society, free from the male gaze, rather than forlornly clinging to the sides of their mothers. What's more, they are seen as having active roles as opposed to passively ...Minoan women were a central part of religion on Crete; evidence suggests that they were priestesses, having significant responsibilities within rituals and ceremonies. La Parisienne, a fresco found in Knossos, shows a possible priestess, the religious dress she wears and the sacral knot worn on the base of her neck, give her this identity.Minoan. Minoan outfit. It looks great, but Minoan women generally wore bodices that left their breasts bare. Thanks to the culture of objectification, though, people dressing up as Minoans feel compelled to hide them in order not to be objectified : ( ...or because they actually think it is an inmodest thing. I really envy those times in which ...An ornamented golden Minoan double axe, often spuriously called a labrys. Bronze Age axe from the tholos tombs of Messara in Crete. Coinage of Idrieus of Caria, Obv: Head of Apollo, wearing laurel wreath, drapery at neck; Rev: legend ΙΔΡΙΕΩΣ ("IDRIEOS"), Zeus Labraundos standing with labrys in his right hand, c. 351–350 to 344–343 ...The figure of the Minoan woman, with large breasts, large hips, and tiny waist, was very similar to the female shape that came into fashion during the late 1800s C.E. , when women laced themselves into tight corsets to make their waists small and wore hoops under their skirts to increase the size of their bottom half. Some experts believe that ...According to Archaeology News Network, most Minoan settlements found on Crete are located in the lowlands and plains rather than the mountainous regions of Ierapetra. Still, a 2012 excavation in ...Minoan Clothing. In Minoan art, men and women are shown dressed in various garments that involve a range of simple and complex designs. This clothing incorporates a variety of colors, many of which must have been derived from natural dyestuffs. Some organic dyes, though none that we found, also require the use of a mordant, an inorganic oxide ...Thera. -provided us with the first extensive contextualized picture of Minoan wall painting and its relationships to ceremony and ritual. Akrotiri on Thera (geographic) Akrotiri= southwest corner of volcanic island of Thera, north of Crete. Buildings at Akrotiri on Thera. shrines, houses, and buildings, storage and manufacturing.Mycenaean Fashions: The Women. Women's fashion in the Aegean Bronze Age is a large topic, so this post will deal only with clothes, and leave hair and cosmetics for later. From fresco evidence, it appears Mycenaean women got their fashion sense from the Minoans. The basic garment which women wore every day was the shift dress, as shown in the ...Minoan Snake Goddess. The Snake Goddess was one of the Minoan divinities associated closely with the snake cult. She is called also Household Goddess due to her attribute of the snake, which is connected with the welfare of the Minoan household. Since the snake is also symbol of the underworld deity, the Snake Goddess has some chthonic aspects ...Description. This extremely rare Minoan bronze statuette represents a girl worshiping a deity. It was probably left as a dedication to a divinity. She wears a flounced skirt over a sleeved robe open at the front. The figure shows a remarkable degree of detail, including looped earrings, bracelets, and a necklace. The Minoan civilization, which existed on the island of Crete nearly 5,000 years ago, produced a treasure trove of artwork showing a unique sport or ritual: men leaping over charging bulls ...Minoan Women. Women are heavily represented amongst the archaeological finds from Knossos, Akrotiri, and other Minoan hubs. One of the most beautiful examples is the Snake Goddess Figurine which depicts the archetype of Minoan dress. This woman wears a flounced, layered skirt that falls to the ground.May 23, 2023 · The Minoan civilization was a remarkable example of how gender roles and spirituality could be integrated into a harmonious and empowering system. Women in Minoan society played crucial roles in governance, religion, art, and economy, reflecting a sense of balance between male and female energies. The Snake Goddesses, the Minoan spirit, the ... Two Minoan snake goddess figurines were excavated in 1903 in the Minoan palace at Knossos in the Greek island of Crete. The decades-long excavation programme led by the English archaeologist Arthur Evans greatly expanded knowledge and awareness of the Bronze Age Minoan civilization, but Evans has subsequently been criticised for overstatements ...Apr 26, 2021 · Minoan Women. Women are heavily represented amongst the archaeological finds from Knossos, Akrotiri, and other Minoan hubs. One of the most beautiful examples is the Snake Goddess Figurine which depicts the archetype of Minoan dress. This woman wears a flounced, layered skirt that falls to the ground. Minoan women also seemingly played a huge role in religious ceremonies — as often-cited Minoan "Snake Goddess" statues depict, per the Brooklyn Museum — but the similarities end there. Because we still haven't …Women's experiences are explored, from ordinary daily life to religious ritual and practice, to motherhood, childbirth, sex, and building a career. Forensic evidence is also treated for the actual bodies of ancient women. Women in Antiquity is edited by two experts in the field, and is an invaluable resource to students of the ancient world ...La Parisienne (fresco) La Parisienne. (fresco) La Parisienne also known as the Minoan Lady, is part of the Camp Stool Fresco, which was probably painted on the wall of the Sanctuary Hall on the Piano Nobile at the palace of Knossos. The sacral knot worn at the back of the neck seems to indicate that she is a priestess or even a goddess.Jun 9, 2017 · Younger, who has studied the Minoan culture for decades, said women figured prominently in art and religious artifacts and therefore probably in the administration of the Bronze Age civilization as well. For example, women are always clothed, while males may be nude, and paintings depict women in elaborate court-style dress. 01-Jul-2023 ... 4.4K Likes, 55 Comments. TikTok video from The Culture Muse (@theculturemuse): "She reminded Sir Arthus Evans of a #parisian woman #minoan ...24 Μαϊ 2020 - Εξερευνήστε τον πίνακα «ΑΡΧΑΙΑ ΕΛΛΑΔΑ» του χρήστη evdokia fm στο Pinterest. Δείτε περισσότερες ιδέες σχετικά με αρχαία ελλάδα, ελλάδα, αρχαία τέχνη.The ancient Cycladic culture flourished in the islands of the Aegean Sea from c. 3300 to 1100 BCE. Along with the Minoan civilization and Mycenaean Greece, the Cycladic people are counted among the three major Aegean cultures. Cycladic art therefore comprises one of the three main branches of Aegean art.. The best known type of artwork that has …Summary: This volume gathers essays from scholars of ancient history, archaeology, and physical anthropology to create an overview of the lives of women in antiquity. The book is divided into ten sections, nine focusing on a particular area, and also includes almost 200 images, maps, and charts. The sections cover Mesopotamia, Egypt, Anatolia, Cyprus, the Levant, the Aegean, Italy, and Western ...Illustration. by Carole Raddato. published on 09 May 2019. Download Full Size Image. The Snake Goddess is a faience figurine depicting a woman holding a snake in each hand. It was found in the main sanctuary of the Palace of Knossos in Crete and dates back to around 1650-1550 BCE. Heraklion Archaeological Museum.18-Jan-2017 ... From richly detailed frescoes to elaborate pottery to pure olive oil that was coveted around the globe, the Minoan people contributed much ...Minoan Women. Artworks suggest that the wasp-waist was highly idealised in Minoan culture & body modification may have been implemented to achieve this. Women are heavily represented amongst the archaeological finds from Knossos, Akrotiri, and other Minoan hubs.Minoan art, an introduction. The Bronze Age culture of Crete, called Minoan, after King Minos of Crete from Greek mythology, is one of the most vibrant and admired in all of European prehistory. The island itself is no doubt part of the story; at the watery intersection of Asia, Europe, and Africa, including snow covered mountain tops, lush ...This Snake Goddess describes a number of figurines of a woman holdi, Minoan Woman, c. 1600-1500 BCE.: Bronze. Crete. Materials. The small-scale sculp, The Minoan Civilization flourished in the Middle Bronze Age (c. 20, Support of the bosom by a bodice (French: brassière). 1900.Roman women we, Minoan woman or goddess (La Parisienne), Wet fresco must be painted quickly,, Poppy goddess. The name poppy goddess is often used for a, Dr Iosif Lazaridis, from Harvard Medical School in Massachusetts, and colleagues focussed on burials from the Min, A Mycenaean woman depicted on a fresco at Mycenae on mainland Gre, Toplessness refers to the state in which a woman's, The Minoans were a literate Bronze Age civilization that fl, Today we will explore the strange and bizarre world of ancient, The art of the Minoan civilization of Bronze Age C, Oct 8, 2019 · The rare ancient tomb of a wealthy Minoan woman has , MLA Style. Cartwright, Mark. " Dolphin Fresco, Knoss, Particularly associated with women in the spheres of Minoan industry, , Minoan women were a central part of religion on Crete; evidenc, Bare-breasted Minoan women of ancient Crete. Decem, Just as the Victorians found women’s legs to be terribly.