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Army rotc scholarship contract - DA Form 597 - Cadet Non-Scholarship Contract. Non-schola

Reserve Officers’ Training Corps Army ROTC Incentives Pol

Air Force ROTC. The Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) at the University of South Florida (USF) is an educational program designed to give men and women the opportunity to become an Air Force officer while completing a degree. Air Force ROTC Website. Contact Air Force ROTC. Aerospace Studies Minor.Current college students should contact their local ROTC Scholarship and Enrollment Officer. Two, three, and four-year scholarships are available based on the time remaining to complete your degree. Full tuition and fees or a flat-rate $5,000 per semester toward housing. Scholarships also include a $1,200 annual allowance for books. Scholarships. Army ROTC scholarships pay: Full cost of tuition and fees OR a $10,000/year room and board allowance. $1,200/year for books; $420/month stipend; All Army ROTC scholarships are awarded based on merit and grades, not financial need. There are two distinct periods when a student can apply for an Army ROTC scholarship. Only if you sign a contract do you incur a service obligation as an Army Officer. You are not obligated to sign a contract until your Junior year. You can serve either part-time (8 years Reserve duty) or full-time (3 years active duty if you did not have an ROTC scholarship, 4 years active duty if you did). Do not join Army Reserves if you are going to college. Instead join the Oregon National Guard. Their state education benefit pays 100% of in-state tuition. Reserves only pays up to $4500/year. You can still do SMP/ROTC. Don’t take a Minuteman or GFRD scholarship, taking those force you to go NG/Reserves when you commission after graduation.Commitment. Acceptance of a two-year scholarship requires you to serve full time in the active Army, or part time in either the Army National Guard or ...Jul 7, 2022 ... The Army Reserve Officers` Training Corps (ROTC) program provides an opportunity for college students to earn a commission as a second ...Students may participate in the first two years of Army ROTC with no commitment to military service, unless they accept an ROTC contract or scholarship during that time. We offer a four-year program composed of the Basic Course (typically during the first and sophomore years) and the Advanced Course (typically during the junior and senior years).A: Upon contracting into the ROTC program (after MIL 301 or any ROTC tuition scholarships), it is an 8-year commitment on Active Duty or Reserve Component (National Guard or Reserves). Active Duty commitment is 4 years and 4 years of Inactive Ready Reserve (IRR) and National Guard or Reserves commitment is 6 years and 2 years IRR.Most students are contracted with ROTC on scholarship, but some are contracted non-scholarship in conjunction with National Guard or Reserve service. A student MUST be contracted in order to enter the Advanced Course, and Basic Course credit must be obtained in order to enter the Advanced Course.Army ROTC scholarships pay full tuition and required fees. They're awarded on merit – like academic achievements, extracurricular activities, and personal ...Army ROTC scholarships pay for tuition and academic fees for up to four years. Scholarship winners also receive an annual book allowance, as well as a stipend worth up to $4,200 per academic year. Each year hundreds of students attending colleges nationwide receive ROTC scholarships. ROTC awards them to students studying science, engineering, nursing, and …Corps of Cadets scholarships for incoming cadets range in value from $1,200 per year to $5,000 per year. The selection committee reviews the whole student (academically and non-academically) and awards scholarships based on the merit of the scholarship application. Grades are only one of many components considered in the review process.Army ROTC High School Scholarship. This scholarship is for high school seniors (or individuals who will receive their GEDs) planning to enter college as a freshmen the fall following their senior year in high school. The scholarship pays: Full tuition plus mandatory fees or applied toward room and board. A $1,200-per-year book allowance.Our Army ROTC program, known as Palmetto Battalion, prides itself on being one of the best ROTC programs in the United States. The program consists of cadets from The Citadel, College of Charleston and Charleston Southern University. Our Palmetto Battalion is currently the second largest Army ROTC program of 275 across United States Army Cadet ...Membership in USAR/ARNG does not guarantee ROTC contract Can contract during sophomore year (30 college credits) Can commission as an Active Duty officer or into the USAR/ARNG ... Army ROTC National Scholarship Board dates for the School Year 2021-2022: Review Board 1 - 19-23 October 2020 Review Board 2 - 25-29 January 2021 ...Home Contracting CONTRACTED CADET: A student who has signed an ROTC contract and will serve his/her military service obligation upon graduation. There …Army ROTC Scholarship, the Pentagon Federal Credit Union Scholarship, the Army and Air Force Mutual Aid Association and the USPA&IRA Scholarship Programs 29 E. ROTC Scholarship Processing and Selection Procedures for the Armed Forces Communications and Electronics Association (AFCEA) Educational Foundation ROTC Scholarship Program 32 F. ROTC ... Introduction to decision-making and group processes relating to military leadership. Focus on character development, role of the officer, and Army values. Leadership and Problem Solving: Prerequisites: MILS 2201 and 2202, basic training, or consent of the instructor. Prepares student for summer completion of the Leadership Development and ...Commander for verification. The Commander of U.S. Army Cadet Command is the final approving authority for the ROTC scholarship. Once approved the Cadet will sign the ROTC scholarship contract (DA form 597-1) and Enlistment contract (DD 4/1 & 4/2). Campus-Based/Line ScholarshipsCSUN ROTC Office: Redwood Hall 120 (818) 677-7855. Hours: Monday-Friday 9AM – 4PM. Romeo Miguel, Recruiting Officer (310) 825-7381. Mailing Address: 18111 Nordhoff Street Air Force ROTC. The Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) at the University of South Florida (USF) is an educational program designed to give men and women the opportunity to become an Air Force officer while completing a degree. Air Force ROTC Website. Contact Air Force ROTC. Aerospace Studies Minor.Army ROTC scholarships pay full tuition and required fees. They're awarded on merit – like academic achievements, extracurricular activities, and personal ...Scholarships are available through Army ROTC. Each scholarship varies but can pay for 100% tuition and fees or $5,000 per semester for room and board, $420 monthly stipend and $600 a semester for books. ... cadets contract with a South Dakota Army ROTC program. You will then attend ROTC classes and drill with your unit as an SMP cadet. During ...On September 24, 2020 the Eastern Washington University (EWU) Army Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) program contracted 6 Cadets into the U.S. Army. The Contracting Ceremony was held in front of the historic Showalter Hall on the EWU campus. Showalter Hall is the oldest building on EWU’s campus that was built back in 1915 when EWU was a ...The Army ROTC Scholarship Process. Whether you are a college-bound high school student or already attending college, ... Contact us at 509-359-6110 or [email protected] to learn more about our Masters degree scholarships. Cadet Zackary Becker contracts into ROTC and activates his scholarship to pursue a Masters degree in Business Accounting.• 3AD Scholarship recipients MUST do their freshman year of ROTC as a probationary period. If they pass this period, they will contract in the fall of their Sophomore year. • All Minuteman Scholarship recipients, upon receiving the official scholarship OFFER (not nomination) must enlist in the ARNG (ideally I'd recommend as a 09R10).ARMY SENIOR RESERVE OFFICERS' TRAINING CORPS (ROTC) SCHOLARSHIP CADET CONTRACT. For use of this form see AR 145-1; the proponent agency is DCS G-1. 1. DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY AGREEMENTS. In consideration of the agreement in Part II below, the Department. of the Army agrees to--a. PAY SCHOLARSHIP BENEFITS. Pay for a period of. appropriated by ... Both men and women may enroll in ROTC and apply for Army ROTC scholarships or may contract as a cadet and enter into the commissioning process without a scholarship. High school seniors applying to Lander University may compete for four-year, merit-based scholarships. Lander University first-year students may apply for three-year scholarships.Army ROTC - Army ROTC scholarships pay tuition and auxiliary fees. It is awarded on merit, based on academic achievements, extracurricular activities, and personal interviews. Contracted Cadets receive a monthly stipend of $420 for books and uniforms. Non-scholarship Contracted Cadets receive a uniform allowance but are not eligible for the ...The Minuteman Campaign is a U.S. Army Cadet Command initiative to offer Guaranteed Reserve Forces Duty (GRFD) scholarships to candidates that self-select for service in a Reserve component. The GRFD scholarship provides full tuition and fees or room and board ($10,000 per year) for up to four years at a public or private school.The SMP Program provides: Hands-on management and leadership training. GRFD/Minuteman Scholarship ( Full tuition and fees OR $10,000/year Room and Board) ROTC Stipend $420/month. Drill pay as a CDT (E-5) $329/month. Eligible AZARNG members may qualify for up to $4,000/year State Tuition Reimbursement (STR) ( AZARNG STR Flyer FY19)If you have questions regarding the Army ROTC application process, are interested in joining our program or trying it out, please contact our Scholarship and Enrollment Counselor: 1LT Jose Capestany at (512) 471-3310 or by email at [email protected]. Liberal Arts at UT offers our over 9000 undergrads more than 40 majors and our ... Some options to suggest: Lawyer up - Contact an attorney who specializes in ROTC and Service Academy dis-enrollment situations. Remember that your contract (Army version is DA 597-3) states clearly that they can demand payback OR mandatory enlistment.Corps of Cadets scholarships for incoming cadets range in value from $1,200 per year to $5,000 per year. The selection committee reviews the whole student (academically and non-academically) and awards scholarships based on the merit of the scholarship application. Grades are only one of many components considered in the review process.Army ROTC is a program offered at hundreds of colleges and universities nationwide, training college students to be officers in the active Army, Army Reserve, and Army National Guard. It’s a four-year program, divided into two parts: a Basic Course and an Advanced Course. The Basic Course is normally taken in your freshman and sophomore years.For questions concerning the Minuteman Campaign, email GRFD Scholarship Minuteman Campaign manager or call 502-624-7695. Deadline for all nomination letters is 04 August 2023. Nominations are only for fall 2023 or spring 2024. *By accepting the Minuteman Scholarship, a cadet is not eligible to compete for active duty. QUALIFICATIONS. Scholarship Option. Applicant again competes in a centralized selection board. Under this option, the Soldier is discharged from the Army, forfeits all pays and allowances, and must contract in ROTC. The scholarships are offered in 2, 3, or 4 year scholarships with either tuition or room and board, like with other ROTC scholarships. Army ROTC High School Scholarship. This scholarship is for high school seniors (or individuals who will receive their GEDs) planning to enter college as a freshmen the fall following their senior year in high school. The scholarship pays: Full tuition plus mandatory fees or applied toward room and board. A $1,200-per-year book allowance.Nov 23, 2020 ... Non-scholarship Cadets who enroll in the ROTC Advanced Course must serve for three years and 5 years IRR. How many years you receive a ...To give you an idea of OML wise, in the past couple of years the Active duty (AD) cutoff was around 36 points but in the past it was higher, closer to 40-41 points. I would aim for 45 points or higher to kinda guarantee your AD slot. For GPA, you will …Myth #2: Contracting into ROTC the Same as Enlisting into the Army . Contracting into Army ROTC is not, strictly speaking, joining the Army. You will not be sent to boot camp. ... Cierra Neumann is a 4-year Army ROTC National Scholarship recipient to Eastern Washington University who received scholarship benefits worth $77,000.The Minuteman Campaign is a U.S. Army Cadet Command initiative to offer Guaranteed Reserve Forces Duty (GRFD) scholarships to candidates that self-select for service in a Reserve component. The GRFD scholarship provides full tuition and fees or room and board ($10,000 per year) for up to four years at a public or private school.If approved an application will be submitted to the 4th ROTC Brigade Commander for verification. The Commander of U.S. Army Cadet Command is the final approving authority for the ROTC scholarship. Once approved the Cadet will sign the ROTC scholarship contract (DA form 597-1) and Enlistment contract (DD 4/1 & 4/2). Line ScholarshipsOnly if you sign a contract do you incur a service obligation as an Army Officer. You are not obligated to sign a contract until your Junior year. You can serve either part-time (8 years Reserve duty) or full-time (3 years active duty if you did not have an ROTC scholarship, 4 years active duty if you did).Army ROTC is a program offered at hundreds of colleges and universities nationwide, training college students to be officers in the active Army, Army Reserve, and Army National Guard. It’s a four-year program, divided into two parts: a Basic Course and an Advanced Course. The Basic Course is normally taken in your freshman and sophomore years.CSUN ROTC Office: Redwood Hall 120 (818) 677-7855. Hours: Monday-Friday 9AM – 4PM. Romeo Miguel, Recruiting Officer (310) 825-7381. Mailing Address: 18111 Nordhoff Street There are two methods of earning an Army ROTC scholarship. The first is to apply for the 4-Year National Scholarship. The second is to apply for a campus-based ...Below is a list of the most current United States Army Cadet Command forms, checklists, policies, pamphlets, SOPs and regulations. For questions on how to update or create new USACC publications or forms, please review USACC Pamphlet (25)-35 Publications Process or send a message to the following mailbox: USARMY Fort Knox USACC Mailbox HQ G6 ... DA Form 597 - Cadet Non-Scholarship Contract. Non-scholarship cadets need to read this thoroughly prior to contracting (PDF). DA Form 597-3 - Cadet Scholarship Contract. Scholarship cadets need to read this thoroughly prior to contracting (PDF). DD Form 4-1/2 - Enlistment Document. All contracting cadets need to read this thoroughly (PDF-fill-in).Last Updated on May 22, 2023. The first time that many ROTC scholarship recipients view ROTC scholarship contracts is when they are on campus and ready to sign in order to receive scholarship benefits. That is …Army ROTC graduates are commissioned as U.S. Army Second Lieutenants. They then receive specialized training in one of 17 different Army branches. ... If you contract non scholarship in the national guard/ reserves you are obligated to serve 6 years in the national guard/ reserves and then 2 years in IRR (individual ready reserves). …General Army ROTC Scholarship. Rising high school seniors may apply for the scholarship as early as mid-June between junior and senior year. A National Board awards 4-year and 3-year advance-designee scholarships worth up to $57,000. The scholarship can pay either tuition and fees or housing and meals; a $420/month stipend, and $1,200 per year ...2. Sep 3, 2017. #8. Armyhealth said: For Pharmacy we have a dual ROTC/HPSP scholarship that will pay for 6 years of school. It has to be offered at the school you are attending for undergrad and you will have to cover the first 2 years of undergrad yourself. One of the best secrets in the AMEDD world.1. Description of the Specific ROTC Scholarship Benefit Air Force ROTC The Air Force pays full tuition and fees. The scholarship also pays a book allowance and a month subsistence allowance as well as training pay and travel costs and uniforms. Army ROTC The Army pays for tuition and fees based on the scholarship awarded.Reserve Officers’ Training Corps Army ROTC Incentives Policy o Changed Chapter 2-2e (1): Removed references to NAPS. o Changed Chapter 2-2e (1)(a): Removed references to NAPS. o Removed Chapter 2-2e (3): Scholarship offers may be made to individuals to begin in the same term only if the student is fully qualified and ready to contract.How to Get a Contract. To receive a contract, you must be either be a National Scholarship winner or a non-scholarship student and checked off the following: Be enrolled in Army ROTC. Be in good physical health. Passed the Army Combat Fitness Test. Maintain a 2.0 minimum cumulative GPA (2.5 for National Scholarship) Complete at least 30 Credits.These scholarships pay full tuition and mandatory fees, or can pay room and board (not to exceed $10,000 per year). In addition, cadets will be paid a monthly stipend. Following graduation, cadets begin a new Military Service Obligation (MSO) contract and serve eight years in the Guard, which includes training.The SMP option is also available to current members of the Reserve Component (Army Reserve or National Guard) or non-scholarship ROTC cadets.Benefits of the ...Army ROTC scholarships all provide the same benefits. The choice in the type of scholarship that is right for you depends on how many years you want the benefits for, …All scholarship or contracted cadets are entitled to a stipend (subsistence allowance) authorized by law. The stipend is $420 a month during the academic year only. High School ROTC Scholarship (4-year and 3-year advanced designee) This scholarship type is awarded to high school seniors who will soon graduate or obtain an equivalent certificate.Army ROTC prepares college students to succeed in any competitive environment. The leadership training and experiences that you have in Army ROTC will provide ...Like all scholarships, the ROTC Line Scholarships are awarded based on merit and will be offered to the most qualified candidates. Steps to follow for consideration of the Line scholarship: Complete the “ROTC Contracting Packet” and submit to your ROTC classroom instructor or ROTC recruiting officer.If approved an application will be submitted to the 4th ROTC Brigade Commander for verification. The Commander of U.S. Army Cadet Command is the final approving authority for the ROTC scholarship. 6. Once approved the Cadet will sign the ROTC scholarship contract (DA form 597-1) and Enlistment contract (DD 4/1 & 4/2). Line ScholarshipsMar 8, 2017 · Update: I just found and reread my scholarship offer letter, and it says, "This is an inactive reserve status and provisions of the agreement will not apply until the second year of the rotc program for 4 year scholarship winner or immediately upon signing for 3 year advance designees. If approved an application will be submitted to the 4th ROTC Brigade Commander for verification. The Commander of U.S. Army Cadet Command is the final approving authority for the ROTC scholarship. Once approved the Cadet will sign the ROTC scholarship contract (DA form 597-1) and Enlistment contract (DD 4/1 & 4/2). Line Scholarships TCU Army ROTC has 2-year full tuition scholarships for qualified students who are interested in serving on Active Duty, in the National Guard or Reserve as a ...Army ROTC is one of the only college programs that teach leadership. This training is invaluable for any career that involves leading, managing and motivating ...$420 per month for personal expenses $1,200 per year for books ROTC Scholarships A DECISION TO LEAD CAN CHANGE EVERYTHING If you want a world-class education in leadership to become an Officer, we'll walk you through everything you need to know. First Name Last Name Date of Birth Email Phone Zip CodeBasic Camp is NOT Boot Camp; it is a 31-day training event designed to introduce Cadets to the Army. Let’s talk financials! If you decide to go to Basic Camp, complete it, and sign a contract with the Army ROTC to commission upon graduation, you can be financially rewarded a $5,000 bonus if you do not accept a scholarship.Army ROTC scholarships vary based on the length of time remaining for students to complete their degrees. There are two-, three- and four-year merit-based scholarships providing full tuition. Scholarships also include annual book allowances and a monthly stipend. Army ROTC scholarships are not retroactive.There are two methods of earning an Army ROTC scholarship. The first is to apply for the 4-Year National Scholarship. The second is to apply for a campus-based ...The US Army lists 16 different reasons a cadet may be disenrolled from ROTC. A scholarship or a non-scholarship cadet may be dismissed for one of the following: To receive an appointment or enter into an officer training program other than ROTC. To receive training under an Army Medical Department program. At cadet’s own request.Army ROTC is accepting students who want to attend a Basic Camp at Fort Knox, KY during the summer of 2023. ... complete it, and sign a contract with the Army ROTC to commission upon graduation, you can be financially rewarded a $5,000 bonus if you do not accept a scholarship. ... What does a Scholarship Cover? ROTC scholarships will cover 100% ...3. Feb 4, 2018. #1. My son is a sophomore in college. He is a three-year Army ROTC scholarship winner. He began taking ROTC classes first semester of his freshman year, however, this past fall semester was the first disbursement of his scholarship money. Now that he has been taking the classes and getting involved with the program for the last ...Army ROTC offers scholarships as an incentive to contract; they are given to the most competitive students who are seeking to serve their country upon ...College students The US Army offers 2, 2.5, and 3 year scholarships for tuition and fees OR room and board. This also includes $1,200 per year for textbooks. Learn more and apply. Below are the Basics if you obtain a scholarship: Full tuition and fees OR Room and Board; Book allowance: $1200 per year; Monthly contract stipend: $420Any student who is enrolled full-time at our host school or one of our partnership campuses can enroll in ROTC with NO COMMITMENT to the US Army. A scholarship cadet must sign a contract and will serve his/her military service obligation upon graduation. A CONTRACTED Army ROTC Cadet must: Be a U.S. citizen. Be between the ages of 17 and 26. Any student who is enrolled full-time at our host school or one of our partnership campuses can enroll in ROTC with NO COMMITMENT to the US Army. A scholarship cadet must sign a contract and will serve his/her military service obligation upon graduation. A CONTRACTED Army ROTC Cadet must: Be a U.S. citizen. Be between the ages of 17 and 26.Army ROTC 4-Year High School Scholarship Application 2.01 Secure Access SSI- VPN Sign Attention Applicants : the best results In the School use Internet ... yourself only when you sign a contract with the United States Army If you're under legal age in the state where the school is located, your parent or legal guardian must also sign the ...College students The US Army offers 2, 2.5, and 3 year scholarships for tuition and fees OR room and board. This also includes $1,200 per year for textbooks. Learn more and apply. Below are the Basics if you obtain a scholarship: Full tuition and fees OR Room and Board; Book allowance: $1200 per year; Monthly contract stipend: $420Guaranteed Reserve Forces Duty Scholarship. The GRFD program is designed for cadets who are interested in obtaining a commission in the U.S. Army Reserves or Army National Guard with a guarantee for a Reserve Component (RC) assignment. Scholarships cover full tuition and mandatory fees or room and board up to $10,000 and range in length up to ...You can still commission as a Army Reserve or National Guard Officer, even if you received the Active Duty Scholarship contract.* A few years ago the Number 1 Army ROTC Cadet on the National OML chose Army Reserve. *This offer is null and void in the event of a new conflict that requires you to serve on Active Duty.Take Our Course. As of March 24, 2022, there will be two tests that Army ROTC cadets will need to take during their time as cadets: The Cadet Command Fitness Assessment (CCFA) and the Army Combat Fitness Test (ACFT). The Cadet Command Fitness Assessment The CCFA is the same test administered to high school scholarship applicants.Scholarship Option. Applicant again competes in a centralized selection board. Under this option, the Soldier is discharged from the Army, forfeits all pays and allowances, and must contract in ROTC. The scholarships are offered in 2, 3, or 4 year scholarships with either tuition or room and board, like with other ROTC scholarships.The ROTC program is divided into phases: The Basic Course studies Army history, organization and structure. The techniques and principles of leadership and management are stressed throughout. The Advanced Course concentrates on tactical operations and military instruction, as well as advanced techniques of management, leadership, and command.The SMP Program provides: Hands-on management and leadership training. GRFD/Minuteman Scholarship ( Full tuition and fees OR $10,000/year Room and Board) ROTC Stipend $420/month. Drill pay as a CDT (E-5) $329/month. Eligible AZARNG members may qualify for up to $4,000/year State Tuition Reimbursement (STR) ( AZARNG STR Flyer FY19)Attend the 5-week Advanced Camp between the Junior and Senior year. Serve as a SMP cadet in the unit of your choice with an available SMP slot. For more detailed information and requirements, call or e-mail the University of Tennessee, Knoxville Army ROTC Recruiting Officer at (865) 974-4512 or [email protected]. Or.It is the largest Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) program which is a group of college and university -based officer training programs for training commissioned officers for the United States Army and its reserves components: the Army Reserves and the Army National Guard. [1] [2] [3] There are over 30,000 Army ROTC cadets enrolled in 274 ...All scholarship or contracted cadets are entitled to a stipend (subsistence allowance) authorized by law. The stipend is $420 a month during the academic year only. High School ROTC Scholarship (4-year and 3-year advanced designee) This scholarship type is awarded to high school seniors who will soon graduate or obtain an equivalent certificate.ARMY SENIOR RESERVE OFFICERS' TRAINING CORPS (ROTC) NONSCHOLARSHIP CADET CONTRACT For use of this form see AR 145-1; the proponent agency is DCS G-1The debt is comprised of the cost of tuition, books, supplies, If selected for a U. S. Army ROTC GRFD or a Dedicated ARNG scholarship and you acc, Below are the Basics if you obtain a scholarship: Full tuition and fees OR Room and Board; Book allowance: $1200 p, instruction, the ROTC program is designed to prepare selected students (cadets and midshipmen) for , Q: What kinds of scholarships are available in Army ROTC? Are any of the scholarships retroactive? A: Army ROT, No contract required! Photo: We arranged to have Cadet Mykenzie Belliotti (business major) spend time s, You're eligible to apply for a ROTC scholarship— which could get you up to 100% tuiti, (3) ROTC battalions will ensure the GRFD control number is post, ROTC is an elective curriculum taken along with oth, ARMY SENIOR RESERVE OFFICERS' TRAINING CORPS (ROTC) SCHOLARSHIP CAD, *USACC 167-R, U.S. Army ROTC Scholarship Acceptance/Declinatio, The Minuteman Scholarship covers full tuition and fees (uncapped) at a, Army ROTC is a program offered at hundreds of colleges and universitie, Army ROTC scholarship will begin awarding scholarships as early as No, Current college students should contact their local , You can go through rotc for two complete years and then, ARMY ROTC SCHOLARSHIPS AND CONTRACTS ARE BASED ON MERIT AND YOUR POT, $420 per month for personal expenses $1,200 per year for books.