To breed Bowgarts in My Singing Monsters, you’ll need to meet a few requirements first. •Have a breeding structure like a breeding station, nursery, or hatchery on your island. These allow you to breed new monsters. •Have a Bowgart and a monster that can breed with it, like a Toe Jammer, on your island. Bowgarts can breed with single ...Introduction. The most essential part of My Singing Monsters game is breeding the monsters. In this post, you will find all the possible breeding combos for each monster in the game. Please note that: There is always more than one possible to breed most monsters in the game. The bolded combinations are recommended.To breed a monster, you need to combine two monsters that have at least one element in common. For example, to breed a Furcorn (Plant + Cold), you can use any combination of Plant and Cold monsters, such as a Potbelly (Plant) and a Mammott (Cold) or a Noggin (Earth + Cold) and a Tweedle (Air + Plant).The failure breeding with a triple/quad-element monster is possible for all the monsters listed below. Drumpler/Rare Drumpler - Mammott + Noggin. Fwog/Rare Fwog - Toe Jammer + Noggin. Maw/Rare Maw - Toe Jammer + Mammott. Shrubb/Rare Shrubb - Potbelly + Noggin. Furcorn/Rare Furcorn - Potbelly + Mammott.Tap the big pink heart on each of their information screens, then tap the “Breed” button. If breeding is successful, a Deedge egg will appear! The egg will take roughly 13 hours to hatch. Check in on it regularly by tapping the egg. You’ll see the Deedge baby developing inside until it’s ready to hatch.Description. Shugabush is a member of the Legendary Shugafam class of Monsters, and is found on Plant Island.It was added on July 29th, 2013 during Version 1.1.7.Shugabush was created in collaboration with musical artist, Kristian Bush of the Sugarland duo. It is best obtained by breeding Bowgart and Clamble.By default, its incubation time is 35 hours …The Deedge, attuned to the beat of the Earth, pulls together multiple elements to produce a complex beat. A tireless, energetic performer, it keeps all the Monsters dancing.Monster Bio Deedge is a quad-element Monster that can be found on Cold Island. It is best obtained by breeding Thumpies and Toe Jammer. By default, its breeding time is 24 hours long. Deedge has a decent coin production ...The Breeding Tables provide an at-a-glance view of Breeding combinations, potential results, Breeding Times, and best combinations per Island. Each table shows a list of …Barrb is a triple-element Fire Monster found on Fire Haven and Amber Island. It was added on November 21st, 2018 during the 2.2.4 Fire Haven update. It is best obtained by breeding Glowl and Potbelly. By default, its breeding time is 20 hours long. As a Fire Triple Elemental, Barrb has decent coin production, though Tring is recommended. On Amber Island, Barrb is only available at select times ...Description. Rare Drumpler is a double-element Rare Monster. It was added on May 22nd, 2015 during Version 1.3.3. As a Rare Monster, it is only available at select times. When available, it is best obtained by breeding Noggin and Mammott, or by purchasing from the StarShop. By default, its breeding time is 1 hour, 7 minutes, and 30 seconds long. Monculus is a Seasonal Monster that celebrates the Life-Formula season and is found on Ethereal Island and Wublin Island. It was added on June 1st, 2022 during Version 3.5.0. As a Seasonal Monster, it is only available at certain times. It is best obtained by breeding Nebulob and Jeeode.A female dog is bred for the first time during her second heat cycle or after, provided that she is no older than 12 years of age. A male dog is ready to breed by about 15 months of age.HippityHop is a double-element Magical Monster exclusive to Faerie Island. It was added on December 11th, 2019 during Version 2.3.5. It is best obtained by breeding Noggin and Floot Fly. By default, its breeding time is 9 hours long. As a Double Elemental, HippityHop does not have a high coin production. Audio Sample: Voice actor: Sam Clark They scat …Tweedle is the single-element Monster of Air, and is first unlocked on Cold Island. It is obtained by purchasing in the Market for 300 . By default, its incubation time is 4 hours long. As a Single Elemental, Tweedle does not have a high coin production. Audio sample: Voice actress(es): Ceris Anne Thomas (Cold & Air), Maggie Park, Karen Chalmers (sometimes) Tweedle's contribution to a song is ... Rare T-Rox is a triple-element Rare Monster. It was added on June 19th, 2015 during Version 1.3.4. As a Rare Monster, it is only available at select times. It is best obtained by breeding or by purchasing from the StarShop. Its breeding combination is the same as its common counterpart. By default, its breeding time is 10 hours and 30 minutes long. …G'day is a triple-element Magical Monster exclusive to Magical Sanctum. It was added alongside Epic Stogg on June 23rd, 2021 during Version 3.2.0. It is best obtained by breeding Xyster and Fluoress. By default, its breeding time is 1 day and 6 hours hours long. As a Triple Elemental, G'day does not have a high shard production. Audio …G'day is a triple-element Magical Monster exclusive to Magical Sanctum. It was added alongside Epic Stogg on June 23rd, 2021 during Version 3.2.0. It is best obtained by breeding Xyster and Fluoress. By default, its breeding time is 1 day and 6 hours hours long. As a Triple Elemental, G'day does not have a high shard production. Audio …The MSM Cold Island breeding chart below shows all of the indigenous monsters available to the island for players that are looking to complete the monster collection book, including all common, rare, epic and seasonal monsters. The breeding combinations are listed in order of most to least recommended based on the odds, …Place Entbrat and T-Rox in the breeding structure and wait for the breeding time to complete. The combination of Earth, Cold and Fire elements has a chance to result in a Ghazt! The breeding time for Ghazt is 18 hours. When complete, you’ll either end up with another Entbrat, T-Rox, or if you’re lucky, the Ghazt monster will emerge!Shellbeat Breeding Times. Breeding a Shellbeat in My Singing Monsters requires patience and timing. These rare monsters only become available for a limited time, so you’ll need to keep a close eye on the breeding combinations and have the necessary monsters ready to go. Check the Breeding CombinationThe Deedge, attuned to the beat of the Earth, pulls together multiple elements to produce a complex beat. A tireless, energetic performer, it keeps all the Monsters dancing.Monster Bio Deedge is a quad-element …Epic Entbrat is a quad-element Epic Monster found on Plant Island. It was added alongside Epic Tweedle on September 12th, 2018 during 2.2.2 6th Anniversary update. As an Epic Monster, it is only available at select times. When available, it is best obtained by breeding T-Rox and Shrubb.One hit wonders are popular songs everyone loves to sing long after the artist has faded back into obscurity. These songs get the crowd going every time, but if you played another song by the same artist, you would get nothing but puzzled l...Syncopite is a Diamond in the rough: unpolished and unrefined, yet glistening with an immense potential concealed inside its crude frame. The rugged Celestial has a surprisingly magnetic personality, capable of uniting its fellow Monsters and forging rock-solid friendships. Unfortunately, this inherent magnetism can be troublesome for the mineralized Monster, whose thoughts are frequently ... Stogg is a double-element Fire Monster that is first unlocked on Fire Haven. It was added on November 21st, 2018 during the 2.2.4 Fire Haven update. It is best obtained by breeding Noggin and Kayna. By default, its breeding time is 10 hours long. As a Double Elemental, Stogg does not have a high coin production. On Amber Island, Stogg is only available at select times. When available, it is ...Blow't is a quad-element Magical Monster exclusive to Light Island. It was added on November 18th, 2020 during Version 3.0.1. It is best obtained by breeding TooToo and Mammott. By default, its breeding time is 1 day and 8 hours long. Blow't has the best coin production on Light Island.There’s only one King of the Monsters, and his name isn’t Kong. Godzilla proved that when he trounced that supersized ape (2 times!) in Godzilla vs. Kong (2021). As you can tell, we’re big fans of the Gray Gecko.Rare Banjaw is a triple-element Rare Magical Monster. It was added alongside Osstax on June 9th, 2021 during Version 3.1.1. As a Rare Monster, it is only available at select times. It is best obtained by breeding, which the combination is the same as its common counterpart. By default, its breeding time is 1 day, 1 hour, and 30 minutes long. As a Rare Monster, Rare Banjaw has a rather good ...Epic Entbrat is a quad-element Epic Monster found on Plant Island. It was added alongside Epic Tweedle on September 12th, 2018 during 2.2.2 6th Anniversary update. As an Epic Monster, it is only available at select times. When available, it is best obtained by breeding T-Rox and Shrubb.Rare G'joob is a Rare Mythical Monster that is found on Plant Island. It is the first Rare Mythical Monster to be added to the game. It was added alongside Cranchee and Amber Island Wave 8 on October 12th, 2022 during Version 3.7.1. As a Rare Mythical Monster, it is only available at certain times.My Singing Monsters Wiki Our Guidelines regarding forum behavior have been updated. There is also now a File Policy that editors should read before uploading any files.Selling sex is as old as commerce. Regulation, not criminalization, is the best way to protect providers. When people find out I’ve spent time researching brothels, they have many questions. Mostly about why women do the work, but also abou...This article is about the Structure, for the game mechanic, see Breeding. For combinations for individual Monsters, see Breeding Combinations. This peculiar structure has been in use since the golden age of the Monster World, and little has changed since that time. Once it is old enough, a Monster can spontaneously produce an egg containing all of its …Maw is a double-element Monster that is first unlocked on Plant Island. It is best obtained by breeding Mammott and Toe Jammer. By default, its breeding time is 30 minutes long. As a Double Elemental, Maw does not have a high coin production. Audio sample: Voice actor: Erick Desjardins, Dave Kerr (sometimes) Maw sings "deedeet" or "dee" with its …Mammott is the single-element Monster of Cold, and is first unlocked in the game’s tutorial. It is obtained by purchasing in the Market for 300 . By default, its incubation time is 2 minutes long. As a Single Elemental, Mammott does not have a high coin production. Audio samples: Bum (Memory Game; Plant Island): Heyo (Air Island) Voice actor: Matthew J. …Check out Here's why now is the best time to start Seven Knights 2. Posted in Guides, My Singing Monsters. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook to get updates on your favorite games ... View 2 Comments . 2 Comments My Singing Monsters Breeding Guide – Plant Island. Cancel reply. Comments are on moderation and will be approved in …Periscorp is a triple-element Magical Monster exclusive to Psychic Island. It was added on September 25th, 2019 during Version 2.3.2. It is best obtained by breeding Yuggler and Toe Jammer. By default, its breeding time is 16 hours long. As a Triple Elemental, Periscorp has a somewhat decent coin production.Spurrit is a Seasonal Monster that celebrates the Perplexplore season and is found on Fire Oasis. It was added alongside Epic Rootitoot on May 25th, 2022 during Version 3.5.0. As a Seasonal Monster, it is only available at certain times. It is best obtained by breeding Wynq and Maw. By default, its breeding time is 20 hours and 18 minutes.Complete my singing monsters breeding guide for 2023 with everything you need to know and do for successful breeding in my singing monsters. Skip to content. ... Breeding time: Rare Barrb: Tring & Barb: 26 and a half hours: Rare Boskus: Boskus & Mammott: 13 and a half hours: Rare Bowgart: Bowgart & Toe Jammer: 15 and a half hours:Breeding Times. Sign in to edit. Different Monsters take different times to breed in a ...Entbrat is a quad-element Monster that can be found on Plant Island. It is best obtained by breeding Bowgart and Noggin. By default, its breeding time is 24 hours long. Entbrat has a decent coin production, which can be useful for beginners before getting monsters with higher coin production .Cybop is a double-element Monster that is first unlocked on Air Island. It was added on September 12th, 2012 during Version 1.0.2. It is best obtained by breeding Tweedle and Noggin. By default, its breeding time is 8 hours long. As a Double Elemental, Cybop does not have a high coin production. Audio samples: More robotic (Memory Game; Air …Sneyser is a quad-element Fire Monster exclusive to Fire Oasis and Amber Island. It was added on June 19th, 2019 during the 2.3.0 Fire Oasis Update. It is best obtained by breeding Woolabee and Toe Jammer. By default, its …Jam Boree is a Seasonal Monster that is found on Seasonal Shanty and celebrates the Anniversary Month season, which celebrates the game's anniversary. It was added on September 1st, 2021 during Version 3.3.0. It is best obtained by breeding Punkleton and Hoola. By default, its breeding time is 1 day, 16 hours, and 24 minutes. Jam Boree has a low coin production compared to other Monsters. Jam ...Everything you ever wanted to know about Parenting. News, stories, photos, videos and more. By all means, give them earplugs—but there's more you can do to make sure everyone has a good time. Go from Monster House to Bluey with a few simple...Oaktopus is a double-element Monster that is first unlocked on Plant Island. It is best obtained by breeding Potbelly and Toe Jammer. By default, its breeding time is 8 hours long. As a Double Elemental, Oaktopus does not have a high coin production. Audio sample: Voice actor: Matthew J. Stewart On Plant Island, Oaktopus contributes to the song by harmonizing with "Eh-shooweh-dooweh-dooh, eh ...G'joob is a Mythical Monster that is first found on Plant Island and can be teleported to Mythical Island once fed to level 15. It and Yawstrich were added to the PlayStation®Vita version of the game on August 12th, 2014, and to the mobile version of the game on September 4th, 2019 during Version 2.3.2. It was added on February 5th, 2013 during Version 1.1.1. As a Seasonal Monster, it is only available at certain times. It is best obtained by breeding Riff and Tweedle. By default, its breeding time is 1 day, 7 hours, and 6 minutes long. Schmoochle does not have a high coin production.Blow't is a quad-element Magical Monster exclusive to Light Island. It was added on November 18th, 2020 during Version 3.0.1. It is best obtained by breeding TooToo and Mammott. By default, its breeding time is 1 day and 8 hours long. Blow't has the best coin production on Light Island.The ultimate breeding guide for every single monster! 📖All island songs: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLpVT4hckyBjccYLSKBZuK3UgKGNqp43FRAll monster...The folks at the official My Singing Monsters wiki have made a useful table with the breeding and hatching times for most combinations of monsters in the game, with both the base and upgraded versions of their respective facilities. This table is useful not only to give you an idea of how long your target monster will take to breed and hatch, …Spunge is a triple-element Monster that is first unlocked on Cold Island. It is best obtained by breeding Dandidoo and Toe Jammer. By default, its breeding time is 12 hours long. As a Triple Elemental, Spunge does not have a high coin production. Audio sample: Voice Actor: Dave Kerr, Randy van der Vlag The Spunge Monster's song is a smooth …Pummel is a triple-element Monster that is first unlocked on Plant Island. It is best obtained by breeding two monsters that have the combined elements of Earth, Water, and Plant. By default, its breeding time is 12 hours long. As a Triple Elemental, Pummel does not have a high coin production. Audio samples: Bass Drum (Memory Game; Plant Island): Tom drums (Water Island): Instrument: Concert ...It was designed by Erik Bergstol (ErikTheCleric) who pledged for the Ultimate Creator Experience in My Singing Monsters: The Board Game Kickstarter. It was added alongside shLep and Epic Glowl on November …G'day is a triple-element Magical Monster exclusive to Magical Sanctum. It was added alongside Epic Stogg on June 23rd, 2021 during Version 3.2.0. It is best obtained by breeding Xyster and Fluoress. By default, its breeding time is 1 day and 6 hours hours long. As a Triple Elemental, G'day does not have a high shard production. Audio …My Singing Monsters Guide. The list of monsters below is alphabetical. Find the monster you want to obtain on the list, and then breed the other monsters indicated to hopefully produce.Anglow is a Mythical Monster that is first found on Water Island and can be teleported to Mythical Island once fed to level 15. It was designed by Chris Wimberly, who pledged for the Ultimate Creator Experience in My Singing Monsters: The Board Game Kickstarter. It was added alongside Pinghound, Rare Brump, Rare Zynth, Rare Poewk, Rare Thwok, and …The main rules of breeding in Dawn of Fire are similar to that of the original game. There are only minor differences in breeding rules. For convenience of Dawn of Fire players, this article will discuss every single rule of breeding, rather than discussing differences. The main rules are: Select two different species of Monster in a Breeding Structure to breed …Potbelly is the single-element Monster of Plant, and is first unlocked on Plant Island. It is obtained by purchasing in the Market for 250 . By default, its incubation time is 2 hours long. As a Single Elemental, Potbelly does not have a high coin production. Audio sample: Voice actor: Matthew J. Stewart Potbelly sings "bap" or "bawmp". The smaller of Potbelly's two heads frequently takes a ...Check out Here's why now is the best time to start Seven Knights 2. Posted in Guides, My Singing Monsters. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook to get updates on your favorite games ... View 2 Comments . 2 Comments My Singing Monsters Breeding Guide – Plant Island. Cancel reply. Comments are on moderation and will be approved in …Description. Rare Drumpler is a double-element Rare Monster. It was added on May 22nd, 2015 during Version 1.3.3. As a Rare Monster, it is only available at select times. When available, it is best obtained by breeding Noggin and Mammott, or by purchasing from the StarShop. By default, its breeding time is 1 hour, 7 minutes, and 30 seconds long.Welcome to My Singing Monsters! Breed them, feed them, listen to them sing! Raise a monster pet, then feed your musical monster to help them grow. Take care of a collection of fun monster characters in …Strombonin is a Mythical Monster that is first found on Cold Island and can be teleported to Mythical Island once fed to level 15. Its design features were decided in partnership of the community, through a series of polls during Month of the Mythical. It was added on September 1st, 2022 during Version 3.7.0. Strombonin is best obtained by breeding Spunge and Bowgart. By default, its breeding ... Rare Yawstrich is a Rare Mythical Monster that is found on Air Island. It was added on February 1st, 2023 during Version 3.8.2. As a Rare Mythical Monster, it is only available at certain times. It is best obtained by breeding T-Rox and Scups. By default, its breeding time is 1 day and 11 hours. Rare Yawstrich has a decent coin production compared to …The Breeding Tables provide an at-a-glance view of Breeding combinations, potential results, Breeding Times, and best combinations per Island. Each table shows a list of Monsters in the column on the left, and the row at the very bottom. These monsters are presented in their Portrait depiction...Rare T-Rox is a triple-element Rare Monster. It was added on June 19th, 2015 during Version 1.3.4. As a Rare Monster, it is only available at select times. It is best obtained by breeding or by purchasing from the StarShop. Its breeding combination is the same as its common counterpart. By default, its breeding time is 10 hours and 30 minutes long. …Pinghound is a Dreamythical Monster exclusive to Mythical Island. It was added alongside Anglow, Rare Brump, Rare Zynth, Rare Poewk, Rare Thwok, and Rare Dwumrohl on April 5th, 2023 during Version 3.9.0. It is best obtained by breeding Cataliszt and Anglow. By default, its breeding time is 1 day and 18 hours. Pinghound has a low coin production …Breeding Combination. To breed a Dandidoo, you’ll need to combine a Pango and a Congle. Place these monsters in any of the breeding structures on Plant Island and wait for a Dandidoo egg to appear. This combination has a very high chance of producing a Dandidoo, so with a little patience you’ll have a new Dandidoo monster for …Rare Furcorn is a double-element Rare Monster, and was the first Rare to be introduced. It was added on October 10th, 2014 during the 1.3.0 2nd Anniversary Update. As a Rare Monster, it is only available at select times. When available, it is best obtained by breeding Potbelly and Mammott, or by purchasing from the StarShop. By default, its breeding …Fiddlement is a triple-element Magical Monster exclusive to Light Island. It was added on November 11th, 2020 during Version 3.0.1. It is best obtained by breeding Pluckbill and Mammott. By default, its breeding time is 16 hours long. As a Triple Elemental, Fiddlement has a somewhat decent coin production.As a mom, I really wish I could just put a band-aid on humanity's present wound. Sing everyone a song. Pull them in for a snuggle. Give 'em all a... Edit Your Post Published by jthreeNMe on April 2, 2020 As a mom, I really wish I ...Banjaw is a triple-element Magical Monster exclusive to Bone Island. It was added on April 8th, 2020 during Version 2.3.9. It is best obtained by breeding Hawlo and Toe Jammer. By default, its breeding time is 16 hours long. As a Triple Elemental, Banjaw has a somewhat decent coin production. Audio Sample: Instrument: Banjo Banjaw makes a banjo-like sound. Virtual Studio Technology is an audio ...Ffidyll is a Seasonal Monster that celebrates the Cloverspell season and is found on Faerie Island. It was added alongside Rare Hawlo on March 2nd, 2022 during Version 3.4.0. As a Seasonal Monster, it is only available at certain times. It is best obtained by breeding Pladdie and Floot Fly. By default, its breeding time is 22 hours and 44 minutes. Ffidyll …All or no Breeding Structures are assumed to be Enhanced in order to synchronize new breeding starts. Each column is 2 hours (or 1 hr 30 mins with Enhanced Breeding Structures). For Monsters with a breeding time shorter than one column, multiples are listed. It takes slightly more than 1 day, less than a tenth of the Syncopite's time limit (11 ...Description. Rare Ghazt is a single-element Rarethereal Monster. It was added on April 22nd, 2016 during Version 1.4.0, making it the first Rarethereal to be released. As a Rare Monster, it is only available at select times. It is best obtained by breeding Entbrat and T-Rox. By default, its breeding time is 1 day, 21 hours, and 30 minutes long.To breed Bowgarts in My Singing Monsters, you’ll need to meet a few requirements first. •Have a breeding structure like a breeding station, nursery, or hatchery on your island. These allow you to breed new monsters. •Have a Bowgart and a monster that can breed with it, like a Toe Jammer, on your island. Bowgarts can breed with single ...The Spunge's Plant body is filled with inflatable chambers that can be filled with Air or Water. While singing, it uses Air to produce a pure whistling sound, but this Monster loves to aim and shoot a powerful jet of water at unsuspecting passersby.Monster Bio Spunge is a triple-element Monster that is first unlocked on Cold Island. It is best obtained by breeding Dandidoo and Toe Jammer. By ...Jun 12, 2023 · Once you have the Entbrat and Ghazt monsters in your game, it’s time to breed them to try and get a rare Ghazt monster. Breeding in My Singing Monsters can take time and patience, so make sure you’re ready for potentially a long wait. Wait for a Long Breeding Time. Breeding two Entbrats will result in an egg that takes 48 hours to hatch. Description. Rare Drumpler is a double-element Rare Monster. It was added on May 22nd, 2015 during Version 1.3.3. As a Rare Monster, it is only available at select times. When available, it is best obtained by breeding Noggin and Mammott, or by purchasing from the StarShop. By default, its breeding time is 1 hour, 7 minutes, and 30 seconds long.Floogull is a triple-element Fire Monster that goes to Fire Haven and Amber Island. It was added on November 21st, 2018 during the 2.2.4 Fire Haven update. It is best obtained by breeding Noggin and Glowl. By default, its breeding time is 20 hours long. As a Fire Triple Elemental, Floogull has decent coin production, though Tring is recommended. On …There’s only one King of the Monsters, and his name isn’t Kong. Godzilla proved that when he trounced that supersized ape (2 times!) in Godzilla vs. Kong (2021). As you can tell, we’re big fans of the Gray Gecko.The folks at the official My Singing Monsters wiki have made a useful table with the breeding and hatching times for most combinations of monsters in the game, with both …Karaoke has been a popular form of entertainment for decades, allowing individuals to showcase their singing skills and have a great time with friends. In recent years, however, a new trend has emerged – karaoke musicals.Breeding is a core mechanic in My Singing Monsters. This article details the best breeding combination for every Monster, except Epic Monsters, which are on Epic Breeding Combinations. The best breeding combination is chosen for either the greatest chance of success, or the lowest wait time if you 'fail' and get one of the parent Monsters. Thumpies are well-adapted to inter-dimensional travel, and can be found throughout the multi-verse. In fact, t, Cybop is a double-element Monster that is first unlocked on Air Island. It was added on September 12t, Cataliszt is a Mythical Monster that is the single element monster of Dream, exclusive to Mythical Island. It was adde, This is the main article for Mythical Monsters. For the category, see Category:Mythical Monsters. Mythical Monsters are , Hatch the Egg. Once the breeding time is complete, place the Noggin egg in an open hatching spot in your ha, Last Updated on September 26, 2023 by Samuel Franklin My Singing Monsters (MSM) Air Island Breeding Chart Gui, This is the main article for Mythical Monsters. For the category, see , Rare Riff is a quad-element Rare Monster. It was added on Ma, Spunge is a triple-element Monster that is first unlocked , Karaoke has been a popular form of entertainment for decade, 1. Take note of the first time that pops up after breeding your, This is the main article for Seasonal Monsters. For the category,, Tweedle is the single-element Monster of Air, and is first un, Monculus is a Seasonal Monster that celebrates the Life-Formula seas, Jun 13, 2023 · The Blabblets will feed off their , It is best obtained by breeding Entbrat and Drumpler. By default, i, Epic My Singing Monsters natural breeding My Singing Monster m, Soaring high above, Quibbles are able to spot and collect res.